XPS Reference

Binding energies & peak-fitting constraints

Peak search

Enter the binding energy of an unknown peak to find matching core levels, chemical states, doublet partners, and Auger lines.

Matches for 284.8 eV ± 5.0 eV (source: Al Kα (1486.6 eV))

Core levels

LineTypeBE (eV)Δ (eV)ElementReference
C 1s
core level
284.8+0.0Carbon (C)Moulder1995
C 1s (C-C/C-H)
chemical state
284.8+0.0Carbon (C)Moulder1995
C 1s (Graphite)
chemical state
284.5+0.3Carbon (C)Johansson1973
Ru 3d3/2
core level
284.2+0.6Ruthenium (Ru)Moulder1995
C 1s (Fe3C)
chemical state
283.9+0.9Carbon (C)Ramqvist1969
C 1s (C-N)
chemical state
286.1-1.3Carbon (C)Vayrynen1976
C 1s (NaCN)
chemical state
286.1-1.3Carbon (C)Vayrynen1976
C 1s (SiC)
chemical state
283.4+1.4Carbon (C)Ramqvist1969
C 1s (C-O)
chemical state
286.3-1.5Carbon (C)Moulder1995
Ru 3d5/2 (RuO4)
chemical state
283.3+1.5Ruthenium (Ru)Kim1974b
C 1s (B4C)
chemical state
282.8+2.0Carbon (C)Ramqvist1969
Ru 3d5/2 (RuO3)
chemical state
282.5+2.3Ruthenium (Ru)Kim1974b
C 1s (WC)
chemical state
282.2+2.6Carbon (C)Ramqvist1969
C 1s (C=O)
chemical state
287.8-3.0Carbon (C)Moulder1995
Ru 3d5/2 (RuCl3)
chemical state
281.8+3.0Ruthenium (Ru)Folkesson1973
C 1s (TiC)
chemical state
281.6+3.2Carbon (C)Ramqvist1969
Ru 3d5/2 (RuO2)
chemical state
280.7+4.1Ruthenium (Ru)Sarma1980b
C 1s (O-C=O)
chemical state
289.0-4.2Carbon (C)Moulder1995
Ru 3d5/2 (Ru metal)
chemical state
280.1+4.7Ruthenium (Ru)Moulder1995
C 1s (CaCO3)
chemical state
289.6-4.8Carbon (C)Christie1983
Ru 3d5/2
core level
280.0+4.8Ruthenium (Ru)Moulder1995
Ac 4f5/2
core level
279.8+5.0Actinium (Ac)Moulder1995
  • [Christie1983] A.B. Christie, J. Lee, I. Sutherland, J.M. Walls, Appl. Surf. Sci. 15, 224 (1983). doi:10.1016/0378-5963(83)90018-1
  • [Folkesson1973] B. Folkesson, Acta Chem. Scand. 27, 287 (1973). doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.27-0287
  • [Johansson1973] G. Johansson, G. Hedman, J. Berndtsson, A. Klasson, M. Nilsson, R. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2, 295 (1973).
  • [Kim1974b] K.S. Kim, N. Winograd, J. Catal. 35, 66 (1974). doi:10.1016/0021-9517(74)90184-5
  • [Moulder1995] J.F. Moulder, W.F. Stickle, P.E. Sobol, K.D. Bomben, Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Physical Electronics, Eden Prairie, MN, 1995.
  • [Ramqvist1969] K. Ramqvist, K. Hamrin, G. Johansson, A. Fahlman, C.J. Nordling, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 30, 1835 (1969).
  • [Sarma1980b] D.D. Sarma, C.N.R. Rao, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 20, 25 (1980). doi:10.1016/0368-2048(80)85003-1
  • [Vayrynen1976] J.J. Vayrynen, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 22, 27 (1976).